Hand procedure information

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the wrist. Symptoms commonly include numbness, tingling, hand weakness and discomfort, often affecting the thumb, index and middle fingers. Symptoms may be worse at night or during activities involving gripping or repetitive hand movements.

Assessment and diagnosis

Assessment begins with a detailed discussion of symptoms, medical history and how the condition is affecting daily activities, sleep and hand function. Examination of the hand and wrist is performed to assess sensation, strength and signs of nerve irritation. Where appropriate, nerve conduction studies or other investigations may be recommended to help confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment decisions.

Non-surgical options

Non-operative treatment may include wrist splinting, activity modification, physiotherapy, hand therapy or steroid injection depending on the severity of symptoms and duration of nerve compression. Some patients improve with conservative treatment, while others may continue to experience persistent numbness, weakness or night symptoms.

Surgical treatment options

Surgical treatment may be discussed when symptoms persist despite conservative management or when nerve compression is more advanced. Carpal tunnel release surgery aims to reduce pressure on the median nerve by dividing the tight ligament forming the roof of the carpal tunnel. The procedure is commonly performed as a day-case operation and is usually carried out under local anaesthetic, although anaesthetic options vary between patients and procedures.

Recovery after treatment

Recovery varies between patients. Most people are encouraged to begin gentle finger movement soon after surgery, although some soreness, swelling or stiffness can occur during the early recovery period. The wound usually takes around 2 weeks to heal, and patients are typically advised not to do heavy activities on this hand for 4 weeks. Specific advice regarding wound care, driving, work, sport and return to activities is provided following treatment and depends on the type of work and individual recovery progress.

Risks and considerations

All surgical procedures carry risks. Potential risks of carpal tunnel release surgery may include infection, bleeding, scar tenderness, stiffness, complex pain, nerve irritation or damage, persistent numbness, recurrence of symptoms, or the need for further treatment. Specific risks and expected outcomes are discussed during consultation.

Frequently asked questions